Briefing paper on Palestinian refugees in Lebanon

China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essayEssay Writing Service

China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essayEssay Writing Service China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essay China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essayEconomic success of China and its growing economic and political influence disturb many neighbors and competitors. China’s search of oil and gas resources around the world is one of the most controversial topics for geopolitical speculation. Politics of exit abroad in China officially existed since 2001. In the oil and gas sector, one of its leaders is China National Offshore Oil Corporation, as well as two more national oil companies CNPC and Sinopec.Tactics of the strategy consists of four main areas: purchase of assets and companies, alliances, transaction of resources for the market type and loans for oil. From 2002 to 2013, Chinese NOCs completed more than 50 mergers and acquisitions in 20 countries. Currently, Chinese oil companies operate in more than 30 countries, including 20 where they take part in the production.Basic information about CNOOCChina National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOO C) is the third largest national oil company of China after CNPC and Sinopec. It is engaged in production, processing and marketing of crude oil and natural gas in offshore China. It is engaged in development of offshore oil and gas resources on the basis of international cooperation and it is Chinas largest offshore oil and gas producer. It was founded in 1982 and employs consists of 57,000 people. It is a public company, as 70% of shares are owned by the Government of the PRC. CNOOC securities are also traded on the stock exchanges of Hong Kong and New York.HistoryCNOOC was formed in February 1982 as a result of the publication of Decree on January 30 by the State Council on cooperation with foreign enterprises in the development of offshore oil fields.Deputy Minister of oil industry Venkay Keane was appointed the first president of CNOOC. As a part of a national corporation, there were established in May 1982 in Tanggu Bohai Oil Corporation, in June in Guangzhou Nanhai East Oil Corporation, in Zhanjiang Nanhai West Oil Corporation, in July in Shanghai Nanhuanghai Oil Corporation. Since 1999, CNOOC has changed its strategic priorities, conducted a large-scale reorganization and listing of its assets carried on two stock exchanges. By 2003, the companys total assets exceeded 100 billion Yuan (Boisot Meyer 2008).ActivitiesChina National Offshore Oil Corporation is integrated energy company engaged primarily in oil and gas development, energy production based on oil and gas, refining, chemical fertilizer production, oilfield services and provision of other specialized technical services, financial services and new energy. At the moment, the corporation has a monopoly in the field of offshore oil and natural gas, as well as their processing.It owns 44 oil and gas fields in China, located in the Bohai Sea, the South China and East China seas. In 2008, its operating income was about 194.8 billion Yuan, total profit about 67.8 billion Yuan, the total assets o f the corporation amounted 409.5 billion Yuan (Tong 2009). Annual oil and gas production amounted 42.93 million tonnes of oil equivalent. The corporation in 2011 took 162nd position in the ranking of 500 largest companies in the world, compiled by the magazine â€Å"Fortune Global 500† (although in 2010 it took 252nd place) (Ling 2013).CNOOC has plans to expand its global presence to become one of the major energy companies in the world. In particular, in March 2010 it was announced the acquisition of 50% of the Argentine oil and gas producer Bridas Corporation for approximately $3.1 billion. In addition, CNOOC owns energy assets in Australia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea.China National Offshore Oil Corporation internationalizationCNOOC is of great interest of many countries. Aggressive purchase of corporation  «Unocal » (USA) and mutually beneficial cooperation with the Argentine company  «Bridas » hit the road to the resources of America. After 6 years, during which CNOOC rapidly followed the path of internationalization, the idea of ​​overseas expansion was changing.In March 2013, the member of the CPPCC, chief geologist of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Mr. Zhu Ke in the interview to The first financial and economic newspaper said: China should be fully prepared to the high oil prices, there is no need to predict the course of industrial development after the price increase of oil. National Oil Company and other companies in China, entering the path of internationalization, can still make a big step forward (Moreira 2013).Internationalization of CNOOC from 1993 to 2004Internationalization of China National Offshore Oil Corporation has begun some time ago. In 1993, they approved the development of overseas regions and created appropriate department. And before that, in 1992, CNOOC had a strategy for the development and detailed study of foreign areas rich in oil and gas (Schuler-Zhou,  2009).Af ter 3.5 years, it adopted the cooperation with foreign oil companies registered abroad, under administration of China and selling in Singapore. The first successful acquisition of CNOOC was the purchase of shares on the oil field in Malacca.In October 1993, an international company  «Atlantic Richfield » ceded shares of Malacca field to China National Offshore Oil Corporation and provided all related materials. In May 1994, CNOOC with the international company  «Atlantic Richfield » has entered into an agreement to purchase 32.58% of shares of the deposit in the amount of 16 million US dollars. In 1995, CNOOC purchased from a Japanese Oil Company 6.93% of shares of the field in the amount of 2.95 million US dollars. These two purchases allowed China National Offshore Oil Corporation to become the largest holder of this oil field (Boisot Meyer 2008).In 1997, CNOOC with an international company  «Atlantic Richfield » and the company  «Environment, health and safety » signed an agreement on differentiated purchase of 5.9% stake in M7/M9 fields in Myanmar, 26.67% stake in four districts in the Gulf of Mexico and 20% of one more field there.Development of China National Offshore Oil Corporation was due to foreign cooperation to create transnational cooperation. In the beginning, the company was aimed at training and learning environment.However, in the initial period of the internationalization, the company missed some opportunities due to external influences. China National Offshore Oil Corporation reached an agreement with one oil company in Spain, Asian financial crisis stopped the process. The country worried about losing money and suspended the project.After Chinas accession to the WTO in 2001, the strategy of expanding outside the country has been framed as a political task, named exit abroad. It was announced that foreign investment became a major focus of the five-year development plan for 2001-2005 (West 2005).CNOOC conquest of the world m arket (2005 -2010)Although the first steps towards internationalization were made relatively early, but biggest success was mainly achieved in recent years. In 2005, China National Offshore Oil Corporation was going to buy the corporation  «Unocal ». Although it failed on the verge of success, that was regarded as a landmark event.This aggressive style of expansion surprised the world, but the loss taught general director of CNOOC Fu Chehnjuj a very useful lesson. Buying corporation  «Unocal » showed the determination and courage of the Chinese company, demonstrated its confidence in the future. However, looking back, I see that difficulties in purchasing were underestimated, - says Zhu Ke. Playing on the enemy’s and own field are two different concepts (Hong Sun 2006).In 2005, as a part of the strategy of â€Å"absorption†, CNOOC together with Sinopec got involved into the development of Canadian sandstones by purchasing assets of MEG Energy and Northern Ligh t. Later, during 2009 and 2010, the purchase of assets in oil sands continued.In 2007, China National Offshore Oil Corporation explored 10 new oil and gas fields in the Bohai Bay and the Gulf of Beibu. According to the statistical bulletin on the state of the marine sector in China, in 2007 the value added products industry operating offshore oil and gas resources reached 76.9 billion Yuan, having increased by 17.3 percent compared with 2006 (Haldis 2008).China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essay part 2

Is Boxing Safe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Boxing Safe - Essay Example Specifically, brain injury will be examined, as this is one of the largest concerns surrounding boxing as a consequence of the repeated blows which the combatants take to the head. Injury is a common and accepted component of boxing. Certainly, it seems logical that a sport that involves a physical contest between two people would result in injuries on both sides. One study estimated that the rate of physical injury was around 17.1 per 100 matches. Of these, 51% were facial lacerations, with the remainder including hand, eye and nose injury . An article in 2010 highlighted the potential for injury within boxing and there is debate about whether boxing should remain an Olympic sport. However, this debate is by no means new, although rules and equipment has changed much since the inception of the sport. . The sport involves substantial physical contact between two individuals. The contact can often be bloody and violent, and there is significant concern by researchers, neurologists, ad vocates and other parties that the sport is dangerous and can result in permanent damage to the brain. The outcome of this debate is substantially different depending on whether amateur or professional boxing is considered. In amateur boxing, the risk of injury is significantly reduced by the use of rules and equipment. Conversely, in professional boxing the risk is much higher. ... Many neurologists consider that the sport puts the brain at such risk that it should be banned . A distinction needs to be made between amateur and professional boxing. The rules and equipment used in amateur boxing have been designed to decrease the chance of serious injury. They fight less rounds, normally three or four per fight rather as opposed to the 12 round fights that are often present in the professional leagues. Furthermore, the rounds which amateurs fight are shorter than professional boxers lasting two minutes instead of three. This adds up to a significant different in time spent in the ring. Headgear is worn that protects much of the face in order to decrease the risk of injury. Finally, a medical examination is required before any boxer enters a bout so that any problems can be detected early. Many studies have examined the effect that amateur boxing has on neurological activity. One study examined three groups of men, one group that were field and track athletes, one group that were soccer players and the third that were former amateur boxers. No signs of serious brain damage were detected in any of the groups . A review of observational studies that had been conducted between 1950 and the present was examined, the authors found that in less than a quarter of the studies there was evidence of chronic brain injuries, and these were mostly small. The authors concluded that there was no strong evidence supporting amateur boxing causing chronic traumatic brain injury . However, this is not the case in professional boxing. While the studies above indicate that chronic traumatic brain injury does occur in amateur boxing, the rate is much lower than for professional boxers . Studies have shown that chronic

Journalism and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Journalism and Ethics - Essay Example The power that the media holds can at times be abused and tainted to the degree that its very core duty of protecting the people’s democracy is threatened. In fact, this factor has made some media outlets to turn into propaganda bullhorns for dangerous and corrupt politicians in power. In addition, other outlets have even been used as vehicles of inciting violence and xenophobic against vulnerable groups of individuals and minorities.Essentially, the media outlet Democracy Now! Was established in 1996, becoming the solitary broadcasting company that was devoted to cover and inform the public on the precedents of the presidential elections. The outlet basically began as an investigation on why most people, by then, did not seem to actively participate in or care about political activities and politics respectively. For that reason, the outlet gathered enthralling stories all of which pointed out that democratic activities were not getting any media coverage. The outlet thus foc used on this deserted region, broadcasting elections and other democratic functions. Today, Democracy Now! Broadcasts on averagely over 850 television and radio stations internationally as well as through the use of an online platform.Comparatively, ethical journalism is concerned in the way through which various parties such as editors, presenters, anchors, and reporters deliver commentary on issues which can shape the lives of people in the society. Ethical journalism is thus rooted in moral values and thus journalists, as well as governments, should ensure that they work towards improving journalism as well as improving the rights and standards of human beings. Â  Democracy Now! Reveals the importance of ethical journalism through its insistence on media independence and democracy. For true democracy to come into effect, there is a need for the citizens to gain access to both independent and diverse sources of information and news.

Challenges that working women face today Essay Example for Free

Challenges that working women face today Essay Introduction In today’s culture where individualism is emphasized and especially that women are encouraged to assume equal roles as men would normally take, two or three decades ago, it is very difficult to see eye to eye with how women are during biblical times. â€Å"Girl power† or women empowerment is the rule of the day for women nowadays. Although, of course, all women as all men have the right to lead in the sense that they have the same intrinsic capacity to influence, the role of leadership has been blown out of proportion by feminist groups as they apply it to women. The result of this over blown leadership role of women has been the constant battle between members of opposite sexes in many significant areas within society. It has affected the homes, government and non-government institutions, down to the smallest entity that has within its membership men and women. The Challenges Today, despite the liberty afforded to women since their right to suffrage had been granted, myriads of problems assails them as they exercise many of their freedoms. These include sexual harassment and abuse, balancing family life and, still being debated to a degree is the issue on an equitable salary or pay. Generally, the women today have double jobs not to mention the close attention they pay towards their children’s schooling. This is usually true in urbanized and highly educated centers in the mainland USA. Despite these changes of traditional roles of women in the cities, there are yet rural areas where women assume roles that are still traditional. Women in these areas are still known to be subservient to their men; oftentimes abuses are the rule not the exception. Abuses come in the form of incest, rape, lure of prostitution, cybernet prostitution, abortion, domestic violence, sex tourism, and mail order brides among others. However, without exception, more less educated women are abused than their more educated counterparts who also have more access to social services. In other words, the abuses mentioned characterized women, though the incidence and degree are comparatively higher in the less educated and misplaced/marginalized areas (Malveuax et al., 2002). ~ Salary Equity Despite the provision by law that there should be equal remuneration standards for men and women, many firms and workplaces continue to abuse women of this right (Equal Employment Opportunity Act). This law precisely was originally intended for women to receive equal pay and be protected against anomalous employers who make whimsical decisions regarding their women employees. It provides against employers who may lower wages from either sex or labor organizations that will attempt to influence employers against employees’ wages (Taber, 2008). The question is how prevalent is the discrimination or abuse on employee salaries? Basically, most occupations still show discrepancy with women versus men wages, although various explanations are put forth. However the factors may be explained, the fact still remains that women lose around 20 to 30 percent to that of men’s income (77cents to one dollar for men) as reported by The Washington Post (2007 July). ~Balancing Work and family (Work-Life Initiatives) Work-life initiatives are strategies implemented by firms to reduce turnover and increase productivity and overall firm performance. Studies were made to examine the influence and effects of work-life initiatives on employees and the organization in general. Workplace diversity which incorporates the concepts of work-life initiatives does indicate that it is inevitable that when a company introduces work-life initiatives, there is a resulting increase in diversity. Substantial evidence point to the effectiveness of workplace diversity hence, many institutions encourage and promote this in their particular milieu (http://www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm). It is inevitable that juggling work and family life will be one of a person’s demanding experiences. The rationale for having a job is not only to have a livelihood, achieve personal satisfaction in the expression of his abilities and trainings, and receive his remuneration and perks on the side. Preparation for family stability to be able to provide and thus create an atmosphere of care, for bachelors/maidens, is also the foremost and logical reason for having a job. However, the thin thread that separates between the two polarities becomes blurred, and there lies the tension that pulls a person in different directions. The Center for Mediation and Dispute Resolution opens its website with the following quote: â€Å"Our life is one giant balancing act (http://www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm).† Perhaps, no person will ever disagree with that statement. The goal then is to know how to do the balancing act, to gain competencies in achieving a rewarding, flourishing kind of life that holds work in one hand, while maintaining a well-nurtured and healthy family on the other hand. ~Sex Harassment What is perhaps most important to women’s well-being is their security against abuse of any form from employers, fellow employees and other people as they conduct their day-to-day affairs. Sex harassment is defined by the Women’s Justice Network as â€Å"Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Whether sexual harassment is from a supervisor, co-workers or customers, it is an attempt to assert power over another person. The harassment may take place in your work setting, outside of your work setting, in your home, while traveling on business or at business functions† (20002). Conclusion While at the moment, the common cry of women is equality to both genders as it is reflected in women’s roles in the family, in public places, and the obliteration of the stereotyped designation of females in past decades which until now has its bearing in the minds of the general public the consequent outcome of this campaign is prevalent in almost every area where function is concerned. In the late 1960s, women’s movement began to blossom. It was stirred by the then sentiment of repulsion to the tasks being typecasted among women. Women’s movement of the 60s aimed to question the menial duties relegated to women such as getting married, becoming a housewife and afterwards attending to household chores (including raising children), and when outside opportunity comes for them to work, they’re consigned to answering phones, photocopying, etc (Encarta, 2006). The scenery has been changed and is no longer the same as in the past 30 or 40 years. The typical woman today is one that is among the working class – no longer confined to house premises, but working and providing as much as her male counterparts. She can be the manager or an executive of an established firm where most of the male employees are under her command. Equality in roles has now been achieved. Whereas this status and depiction of women in itself is not outright negative, the undercurrent force that it has created is the programming of the minds of today’s women to be resistant to the biblical description of their role as they are teamed with men. Instead of seeing male and female partnership as complimentary to both sexes, the danger of too much emphasis on equality especially when it is defined merely in domestic and public functions is the threat that masculinity poses to womanhood. It is good for women to fight for their basic equal rights with men as members of this global community, but if it results in certain imbalances because the aim has become the dethronement of the opposite gender, then the battle for equality has now turned into fight for superiority of the female sex. Reference: 1. Encarta Dictionary 2006. (DVD). 2. Malveaux, Julianne, Deborah Perry, Deborah L. Perry. 2002. Unfinished Business: A Democrat and a Republican Take on the 10 Most Important Issues Women Face. Penguin Group USA. 3. Halonen, JS and JW Santrock, 1996. Psychology: Contexts of Behavior, Dubuque, IA: Brown and Benchmark, p.810. 4. __________ â€Å"Values: what are they?†2007. Family Works : University of Illinois extension. Accessed November 10. 2007. http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/familyworks/values-01.html 5. _________Centre for Mediation Dispute Resolution, accessed in http://www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm 6. Taber, Loren. The Law in the Workplace. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:2K4rLBDHP90J:www.cbi-cc.org/PowerPoints/The%2520Law%2520in%2520the%2520Workplace.ppt+women+issues+on+discrimination+in+salary/wageshl=enct=clnkcd=1 7. _________ â€Å"Men vs Women: Asking for more Money. The Washington Post. July 30, 2007. Accessed February 28, 2008 http://ocouha.com/weblog/tags/earnings-income-salary-wages-wealth/ 8. _________ â€Å"Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Toronto Harassment support Group. Retrieved February 28, 2008. http://www.owjn.org/issues/s-harass/work.htm

Subliminal Perception Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

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Analyze Attitudes Toward and Evaluate the Motivations Behind

Analyze attitudes toward and evaluate the motivations behind the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 During the late 1800’s, Europe was looking for a way to improve themselves as a whole. With growing population and a steady decline in available work, something new had to be done. Countries looked towards Africa to serve as new colonies for the Europeans in order to better their own countries. During the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 Europe’s attitude towards Africa was that Africa was the inferior race in comparison to the Europeans.With the help of a strong feeling of nationalism, Europeans were motivated to acquire new lands in order to improve their motherland’s power and economy with new available work. In the years from 1880 to 1914, Europe’s attitude towards the acquisition of Africa’s land is that the Europeans were more advanced race and felt as if it was their right as E uropeans to take the lands for themselves. This statement is supported by document 11, in which Martial Henri Merlin, the governor of French Equatorial of Africa’s speech in 1910.In this speech, Henri claims that it is the, â€Å"right of a civilized, fully developed race to occupy territories which have been left fallow by backward peoples who are plunged into barbarianism†¦ What we exercised is a right. † This speech shows the attitude of the Europeans by saying that it is the European’s right to take that land from the uncivilized people of Africa. Henri clearly views Africa as the inferior race by calling the backwards and barbarians. He also justifies his actions by calling it a right of the Europeans to do this.Another example of Europe’s attitude toward Africans is exampled by document 6 George Washington Williams in his letter to Leopold II in 1890. In this letter, it says, â€Å"When he gave the black brother a cordial grasp of the hand, th e black brother was surprised to find his white brother so strong that he nearly knocked him off his feet. † In this letter, George is demonstrating how he can use the new advancements in technology, to fool the uneducated and uninformed African people that he is stronger and more dominant.These methods were used to acquire land by making treaties with native chiefs shows Europe’s attitude and how they will do whatever they want in order to acquire more lands. The motivation behind conquering colonies in Africa starts with the opportunity to thrive economically. In document 9 from the Resolution of the German Social Democratic Party Congress 1900, it states that acquiring new lands, â€Å"†¦corresponds†¦to the greedy desire of the bourgeoisie for new opportunities to invest†¦ [in] new markets.This shows one of the motivations for colonization; to invest and open new markets in the new lands in hope to make a profit. The desire for new markets in Europe w as getting bigger and bigger now that the population was rising and jobs were becoming scarce. Colonizing new areas in Africa would lead to more imports and exports leading to more jobs which seemed appealing to most people. Supporting the idea of creating a better economy is document 4, which is a speech in 1888 by Joseph Chamberlain.In his speech he says, â€Å"We have suffered much in this country from depression of trade. We know how many of our fellow-subjects are at this moment unemployed. † This quote shows that Britain’s trade is declining with other nations and many of the people are unemployed. This is motivation for the British to colonize in Africa because with new colonies in Africa, trade would increase between Britain and the rest of Europe from the recourses Africa can provide. Colonizing in Africa would bring more money and more jobs to Europeans so it motivated people to do so.Apart from economic growth, Europeans also supported the colonization of Af rica because is made the motherland powerful. In Europe, there was no room to have countries expand their borders, meaning colonizing in Africa was the only way to do so. In Document 1, Prince Leopold II had a conversation in 1861 in which he said, â€Å"Colonies are useful, that they play a great part in that which makes up the power and prosperity of states†¦ let us strive to get one in our turn†¦to lead to progress in every sense†¦ [and] prove to the world that Belgians are an imperial people. Colonies were not only used to gain wealth but they were also a sign of power. The more land that a country can acquire, the more of a threat they can be to other countries. Gaining power is a very big motivation for Europeans to colonize Africa. In this conversation, Prince Leopold strongly suggests that Belgians should see the colonizing as a step toward domination and more power and should support the cause. Another person to encourage the colonization of Africa is Benjam in Disraeli, the British prime minister. In his speech to the House of Commons regarding the Suez Canal (doc. 0) he says, â€Å" I have always and do now recommend [colonizing] as a political transaction, and one which I believe is calculated to strengthen the empire. † Although Benjamin believes that it is not a good financial investment to purchase the land and hope for a profit, he finds that the new land will strengthen the empire by expanding its boarders to new lands in Africa. Power serves as a motivational factor because all countries want to be more powerful than its rivals and power comes from the expansion of a country’s boarders.Nationalism also contributes towards the power of a country and nationalism is displayed in document 12. Louis Bernard, a French colonial official, wrote in a memoir that he â€Å"found the image of a victorious and conquering France†¦ I was in a country of empire, an empire in which I participated instead of submitting, as it was in our annexed, Alsace and Lorraine. † Louis believes that his country is better than it is currently doing because of his strong sense of nationalism. Louis sees France as an empire which fought and didn’t surrender.He believes that France could hold more power than what it currently wields now. His motivation to see France as an empire is why France is motivated to secure parts of Africa for themselves. Through the early 20th century, countries in Europe were looking to becoming more powerful than their rivals. With this need to be better, countries looked to Africa to expand their country’s boarders in order to gain power and enhance their country’s economy. Europeans justified their actions because they saw the Africans as barbaric and backwards people and thought that it was the European’s right to take African lands.