Friday, December 27, 2019

Karl Marx And The Rise Of Capitalism - 1911 Words

Karl Marx was the first in a series of 19th and 20th century theorists who started the call for an empirical approach to social science. Theorizing about the rise of modernity accompanied by the decline in traditional societies and advocating for a change in the means of production in order to enable social justice. Marx’s theories on modernity reveals his beliefs of modern society as being influenced by the advancement of productive forces of modern industry and the relationships of production between the capitalist and the wage laborers. The concept of modernity refers to a post-feudal historical period characterized by the move away from feudalism and toward capitalism. Modernity focuses on the affects that the rise of capitalism has had on social relations. This was noted by Karl Marx and Max Weber as influential theorists commenting on this. The swift advancement of major innovations after the Enlightenment period, known as modernity, stood in stark contrast to the increm ental development of even the most complex pre-modern societies. These societies saw productive forces develop at a sluggish pace, over hundreds or thousands of years, as compared to modern times, with its swift growth and change. This confounding contrast fascinated Marx, who then traced the spawning of modern capitalism in the Communist Manifesto. He cited this record speed as the heat which generated the creation of the global division of labor and a greater variety of productive forces than hadShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Capitalism : Karl Marx2134 Words   |  9 PagesKarl Marx is the first in a series of 19th and 20th century theorists who started the call for an empirical approach to social science. Theorizing about the rise of modernity accompanied by the decline in traditional societies and advocating for a change in the means of production in order to enable social justice. Marx’s theories on modernity reveals his beliefs of modern society as being influenced by th e advancement of productive forces of modern industry and the relationships of production betweenRead MoreEssay on Capitalism: Karl Marx vs Adam Smith1048 Words   |  5 PagesMarx v. Smith on Capitalism Capitalism, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, is â€Å"the means in which production are privately owned and production is guided and income is disputed largely through the operation of markets†. Capitalism saw the emergence after the feudal system of Western Europe can do a halt. Many economists, even today, dispute the simple beginnings of capitalism. Some theories range from religious reasons, such as the rise of Protestant Reformation in the 1500s, to the enclosureRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1324 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber were influential sociologists that paved the way for modern sociological school of thought. Both, Karl Marx and Max Weber contributed a lot to the study and foundation of sociology. Without their contributions sociology would not be as prominent as it is today. From the contribution of how sociology should be studied, to how they applied their theories to everyday life has influenced many sociologists. Predominantly, both of these theorists’ discussed the effects of capitalismRead MoreManifesto Of The Communist Party920 Words   |  4 Pagespamphlet written by Karl Marx, that in essence reflects an attempt to explain the goals and objectives of Communism, while also explaining the concrete theories about the nature of society in relation to the political ideology. The Communist Manifesto breaks down the relationship of socio-economic classes and specifically identifies the friction between those classes. Karl Marx essentially presents a well analyzed understanding of class struggles and the issues concerning capitalism, the means and modesRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1214 Words   |  5 Pagesnew manufacturing processes which transitioned from hand production methods to the development of machines and the rise of the factory system. The process of industrialisation largely affected the division of labour due to the increase in the mode of production. During this p eriod, society transitioned from feudalism to capitalism due to the increasing progress of technology. â€Å"For Marx the industrial revolution marked the transition between two essentially different periods of capitalist developmentRead MoreKarl Marx and Adam Smith Essays1386 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Adam Smith Karl Marx and Adam Smith wrote in the same time period – during the industrial revolution, where the bourgeois had risen to power by oppressing and exploiting the proletariat. The term bourgeois refers to the people in the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labor. The proletarians are the people in the class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their laborRead MoreThe Influence of the Communist Manifesto on the Development of Industrial Capitalism1249 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, industrial capitalism was on the brink of ruin. â€Å"On many occasions during the past century, Marxists have thought that capitalism was down for the count . . . Yet it has always come back with renewed strength.† Industrial capitalism succeeded in the face of communism, despite numerous economic disasters. As the capitalist economists hopefully noted at the time, these economic earthquakes, temporary in character, soon cured themselves and left capitalism unscathed. Karl Marx sought to createRead MoreCapitalism and Proletariats945 Words   |  4 Pagesalternative to foundational state of nature conjectures used by social contract theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. Karl Marx then critiques and refines Locke’s work to fit his purpose, while using Hegel’s theories to supplement his work. Marx uses Hegel’s â€Å"lord and bondage† critique to utilize Locke’s social contract theory from a different perspective; Marx alters the reason why Locke’s theory of property is important. According to Hegel, our self-consciousness arises from recognizingRead MoreCapitalism and Society1597 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx and Max Webber both many had many philosophies of the capitalism and its effects on society. Their ideas helped pave the way and expand on theories of previous sociologists. Both men have a deep insight of socioeconomic class in the origins and development of modern capitalism. This paper will analyze the impact of capitalism on society as perceived by both men and the areas in which they agreed, disagreed, and expanded on the ideas of the other. In many ways, the Weberian theory wasRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were among the most famous of his published works. Born to a middle-class family in Trier, Prussia in 1818, his parents were Jewish, but converted to Christianity in 1816 due to strict anti- Jewish laws. He was baptized as a Christian at the age of six but later

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Adams vs Backus Chapian Essay - 1257 Words

Theory Critique: Adams vs. Backus amp; Chapian: How to help people change, by Dr. Jay E. Adams and Telling yourself the truth, by Dr. William Backus and Marie Chapian Ebony Smith Liberty University Counseling 507, Theology amp; Spirituality in Counseling Dr. Ben Omungu February 4, 2012 Theory Critique of Adams vs. Backus amp; Chapian: How to help people change by Dr. Jay E. Adams and Telling yourself the truth by Dr. William Backus and Marie Chapian. There are many views held among Christian counselors about how to Scripturally approach changing human behavior. For some who seek to base the motivation for change on Biblical grounds, an approach to counseling is geared toward changes that would allow one to conform more†¦show more content†¦Adams also strongly believes that in order for counseling to be considered truly scriptural, it must include evangelism. His first step in his four- step Biblical process which he points out as teaching. Within these four steps (teaching, conviction, correction, and training in righteousness) we are committed to an accountable relationship which leads counselees in a committed training in righteousness. His unique contributions are based on his very clearly defined goals for counseling, He asks the question, â€Å"what are we trying to change people into?†(p.4) This leads us to deal with the human heart, and Adams concludes that this change is dependent upon the ministry of the Holy Spirit. â€Å"The overarching goal of Christian counseling is to be transformed and renewed in our hearts and minds to receive the power to walk in Christ-likeness and consequently having powerful impact on our relationships and behavior.† (Hawkins 2012) Change in Adam’s view is a process that he sees in light of 2 Timothy 3:14-17 The word of God is inspired by God and is essential in the counseling process therefore making it unique from any other resource. Scripture is the only resource that makes us wise when compared to secular knowledge. It must be seen as sufficient in and of itself to guide the process of the counseling ministry. A second

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Customer Service Representative Morale Essay Example For Students

Customer Service Representative Morale Essay A business seeks to make a profit by providing customers with goods and services. The success of the business is in the quality of the goods and customer service. Management and leadership styles have a great impact on the working environment and employees motivation. The working environment also affects both management and other employees motivation, which in turn influences the overall progress and well being of the organization. It all comes down to keeping employees enthusiastic and energized by developing a leadership style that will build teamwork and growth for the organization. The managers leadership style contributes directly to the employees motivation and work satisfaction. There are many types of leadership styles, one that is task-oriented and the other is employee-oriented. A manage or supervisor with a task-oriented style will typically train and expect results as if they we doing the task themselves. On the other hand, the manager with an employee-oriented leadership style will foster team work with a concern in boosting employee self esteem, enhancing their decision making and problem solving skills. Not all leaders fall exclusively into one style or the other. Depending on the personality and the dominant part of the managers style, the effects on the customer service representative will vary. There are three main types of leadership styles that shape all kinds of leaders. The three types are the autocratic, democratic, and free-reign styles of leadership. The autocratic style of leadership would be considered the most task-oriented type, in which the manager carries out all the decision-making process without any feedback or suggestions from subordinates. Communication is one-way, where the work provided by the manager is to be done without any modifications by the subordinates. In this style of leadership, the delegation of authority is controlled, meaning that the decision-making is only performed by senior managers and is rarely delegated to subordinates along the chain of command. The democratic leadership style is more of a participative type of leadership. It is a two-way communication leadership, in which employees are allowed to contribute in the decision-making; however, the manager makes the final decision. The delegation of authority in this style of leadership is less controlled and more decentralized than in the autocratic style. Employees feel more flexible, since they are allowed to modify in the methods of accomplishing the tasks and to contribute in the decision-making. This changes the working environment; making it an environment with a lot of team working, where each employee feels that he plays an essential role in the well being of the business. The free-reign style of leadership is the most lenient style, in which the employees have the complete freedom by having the right of making the final decision-making. When assigned tasks, they finish them using their desired method, making the final decision and adding any innovations. The leader creates a very friendly environment where each subordinate is accountable for his job, without the involvement of the leader, except in some situations. However, the manager in this case adopts this style of leadership when there is great honesty and trust between the employees and managers. Ideal leaders follow the motivational theories to enhance the working environment and to make the employees not only satisfied, but also highly motivated. Employees motivation is the force that initiates, directs, and sustains personal behaviors and actions, which is the force that moves employees and managers to higher performance. There is a multitude of reasons an employee will remain within a given company. High pay, excellent benefits, job security, and the ability to retire within a company are among the most sought after components of the perfect job. .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c , .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .postImageUrl , .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c , .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c:hover , .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c:visited , .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c:active { border:0!important; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c:active , .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4758c0fd49a44a12cf013cde78850f6c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Millenium Bug Essay Unfortunately, any one of these attributes alone is not enough to outweigh the problem of low perceived job satisfaction. (Leavitt,1996). The opportunity to advance plays an important role in an employees length of employment. If an employee feels they cannot achieve a higher level, they are more apt to consider another companys offer. On the opposite side, if an employer feels that an employee is not capable of a higher level of placement, they may retain the person in their current role indefinitely with only mediocre, if any, cost of living increases. Job satisfaction is the single .

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Margaret atwood rape fantasies Essay Example

Margaret atwood rape fantasies Paper Atwood uses a temporal setting, a feminine first person point of view, irony, and allusion to warn readers of the vulnerability that comes from naivety and the downplay of ape. The setting is temporal. The womens liberation movement is thriving in the sass. Media is beginning to pay attention to non-superficial womens issues: The way theyre going on about it in the magazines youd think it was just invented, and not only that but i?s something terrific, like a vaccine for cancer (31). Magazines are beginning to advocate the Equal Rights Amendment, to converse about womens issues, to put domestic violence and sexual harassment on the cover of a womens magazine, and to feature a national study on date rape. History suggests women do not have or should to have sexual desires: But if youre being totally honest you cant count those as rape fantasies (34). Estelle and her coworkers label their sexual fantasies as rape to take away the sense of being personally responsible for their desires. The temporal setting occurs during the time feminine issues headline the media: So at work they all have to talk about it because no matter what magazine you open, there it is, staring you right bungee the eyes, and theyre beginning to have it on television too(31). After decades of matriculation concerning feminine issues beyond the superficial the damn as been opened allowing the characters to discuss the taboo. We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret atwood rape fantasies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret atwood rape fantasies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret atwood rape fantasies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Due to medias growing attention of serious issues like rape Christy is able to gain access to information that she parrots back to her work pals: Besides, all the articles say its better not to resist, that way you dont get and her co-workers are beginning to learn how to defend themselves in a rape scenario from the increasing media coverage on important issues like rape. Atwood uses the language device allusion: Im not what you would call a drinker but like to go out now and then for a drink of two in a nice place, even if I am by myself, Im with Womens Lib on that even though I cant agree with a lot of the other things they say (37). The author alludes to the Womens Liberation movement going on in the 1 sass to explain why the narrator feels confident enough to put herself in a vulnerable position with a potentially threatening male at a bar. Atwood uses the temporal setting to allow her characters to discuss rape, but not really know what they re talking about: Rape is when theyve got a knife or something and you dont want to(33) Estelle and her co-workers lack a mutual understanding of what rap is. The point of view is first person. Estelle has a very naive view of a rape scenario, she likes to use dark humor to lighten up the situation: Estelle assumes Sonars silence in the story is her being offended that she didnt a chance to share her rape fantasy: Sandra was miffed too, by this time SSL finished her celery and she wanted to tell about hers, but she hadnt got in fast Sonars silence can also be interpreted as the silence of rape victim. Atwood uses a first person point of view with a womens viewpoint to drive home the naivety the women have in the story concerning rape and the vulnerability that comes from their ignorance. There is a failing of communication between men and women in the story:But maybe its different for a guy'(36). Estelle lack of understanding of the male psyche leads to her vulnerability. Estelle believes ignorance is bliss: You cant Spence your whole life in the Filing Department or cooped up in your own apartment with all the doors and windows locked and the shades Her statement is correct; to lock yourself away from the world forever is ridiculous. The language devices used in the story are allusion and irony. - card game the ladies are playing alludes to the control, strategy, and manipulation skills Estelle feels she can possess during a rape scenario: So said one club, hoping Sandra would remember about the one club convention, because the time before when I used that she thought I really meant clubs, and she bid us up to three, and all I had was four little ones WI nothing higher than a six, and we went down two and on top of that we well vulnerable(31). Estelle belief of control and ability of manipulation in a game reflects the characteristics she holds in reality, which leads to her bell in a vulnerable position in the end. Another language device that Atwood u: s situational irony: So I ask him why doesnt he let me fix him a Neo-Citric and scotch, thats what I always take, you still have the cold but you dont fee it, so I do and we end up watching the Late Show together (35). Estelle fantasies begin as serious and twist Into absurdity, in the end of this scenes she is taking care of the man who attempted to sexually assault her. Tattoos use of allusion places adds realism to the story. The mention of the Virgin Mary is a biblical allusion to a lady who became pregnant by God instead of her swear all four of them looked at me like I was in b asset, like Id insulted the Virgin Mary or something (33). The women in the story were expected only to have marital relations like the Virgin May, so theyre using the rape fantasy to cover up their sexual desires. The author also uses a structural irony in Estelle rape fantasies: So I hand it to him AR hes very obliging, he twists the top off and hands it back to me, and I squirt him in the Estelle character is flawed in her belief a rapist will list. To their victim. Atwood use of irony both situational and structural is a warning to the readers that Estelle naivety leads her to a dangerous tuition: Like, how could a fellow do that to a person hes just had a long conversation with, once you let them know youre human, you have a life etc I dont see how they could go ahead with it, right? 37) Estelles fantasies left her vulnerable. Estelle is a real damsel in distress her ignorance on dangerous situations coupled with an over-confidence that she can control a harmful situation leads to her being left vulnerable. Tattoos use of first person point of vine for the reader to listen to a womens point of view. Estelle although naive when it comes to evading dangerous situations, gives the reader an u nderstanding of a females psyche regarding rape.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

why the war came Essay Example

why the war came Paper Lincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era: David Herbert www. amazon. com Americas United States 19th Century David Herbert Donald, Lincoln biographer and winner of the Pulitzer Prize, has it ushered in the process of rethinking the Civil War that continues to this day. Together with a new preface and a thoroughly updated bibliographical essay, Why the North Won the Civil War by David Donald; Richard N Jstor www. Jstor. org/stable/40189706 By David Donald, ed. ; Richard N. Current; T. Harry Williams;. Norman A. Civil War is with us perhaps too much with us Donald will expand on this theme,. [PDF] Why the War Came_001 . f Groton Public Schools www. groton. kl 2. ct. us/ /filedownload. ashx? Why%20the%20War%20 Why the War Came: The Sectional Struggle over Slavery in the TerritorieLincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era: David Herbert www. amazon. com Americas United States 19th Century David Herbert Donald, Lincoln biographer and winner of the Pulitzer Prize, has i t ushered in the process of rethinking the Civil War that continues to this day. Together with a new preface and a thoroughly updated bibliographical essay, Why the North Won the Civil War by David Donald; Richard N Jstor www. Jstor. org/stable/40189706

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Genetic Testing An Insurance

Since the discovery of the DNA molecule in 1952, scientists have been working to understand how it works and which segments influence which parts or functions of the body. The Human Genome Project, begun in October 1990, hopes to identify these segments. Once the â€Å"normal† genetic sequences are identified, scientists work to find mutations that result in genetic disorders. A number of these mutations have been found and tests are being developed to help identify individuals carrying these mutations. This new technology is bringing with it a host of new legal and ethical dilemmas. These issues include potential discrimination, rights to privacy, and issues involving the parent/child relationship. At present, most genetic testing will not improve the quality of life and may result in harm. For now, genetic testing can be used to help diagnose certain diseases, like Huntington’s disease and Cystic fibrosis, but in most cases there is no cure available and little that can be done to treat these diseases. Genetic testing is also used in criminal investigations. When it helps to identify a rapist or murderer, that is a benefit to society, but when testing is forced on a large group of innocent people to try to identify the criminal among them, it violates the right to privacy of the many innocent people in the group. When genetic testing can lead to a cure, or be used to identify the guilty without invading the privacy of the innocent, then it can be used effectively. Until then, genetic testing should only be used with utmost caution. Genetic testing can lead to discrimination. Insurance companies hope to use the results of genetic tests to categorize people based on their risk of developing a disease. This would result in some people having to pay high premiums, or being denied coverage entirely, based on information that may never come to pass and supposed risk factors that they have no control over. In business, co... Free Essays on Genetic Testing An Insurance Free Essays on Genetic Testing An Insurance Since the discovery of the DNA molecule in 1952, scientists have been working to understand how it works and which segments influence which parts or functions of the body. The Human Genome Project, begun in October 1990, hopes to identify these segments. Once the â€Å"normal† genetic sequences are identified, scientists work to find mutations that result in genetic disorders. A number of these mutations have been found and tests are being developed to help identify individuals carrying these mutations. This new technology is bringing with it a host of new legal and ethical dilemmas. These issues include potential discrimination, rights to privacy, and issues involving the parent/child relationship. At present, most genetic testing will not improve the quality of life and may result in harm. For now, genetic testing can be used to help diagnose certain diseases, like Huntington’s disease and Cystic fibrosis, but in most cases there is no cure available and little that can be done to treat these diseases. Genetic testing is also used in criminal investigations. When it helps to identify a rapist or murderer, that is a benefit to society, but when testing is forced on a large group of innocent people to try to identify the criminal among them, it violates the right to privacy of the many innocent people in the group. When genetic testing can lead to a cure, or be used to identify the guilty without invading the privacy of the innocent, then it can be used effectively. Until then, genetic testing should only be used with utmost caution. Genetic testing can lead to discrimination. Insurance companies hope to use the results of genetic tests to categorize people based on their risk of developing a disease. This would result in some people having to pay high premiums, or being denied coverage entirely, based on information that may never come to pass and supposed risk factors that they have no control over. In business, co...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

My School Writing Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My School Writing Center - Essay Example The slogan I chose for my poster is â€Å"Write with us.† All of the writing center assistants are highly skilled and professional individuals whose writing talents cannot be questioned. They are some of the best in the business and we are lucky to have them on our side, rooting for us to succeed in writing the perfect academic paper. â€Å"Write with us† is actually a word of encouragement that one of the writing assistants told me when I was feeling down and hard on myself about my meager English writing skills. I did my best to â€Å"Write with them† and came out a much better, more confident, and well rounded international student in the process. I chose the blue, red, and yellow colors for the bird because those are relaxing colors that I hope will encourage the other Chinese international students to come forward and seek the help that they need from the writing center. I know that the bird looks like a chicken and I specifically intended for the bird to lo ok that way because of the American term "chicken feed" which means, it's easy. That is what I want the other students to come to realize, writing the academic papers will be as easy as chicken feed once they write with the help of the academic writing center. Choosing to place the posters in the restrooms, cafeteria, and other high traffic places in the university was not a hard choice to make. I wanted to get my poster the highest visibility possible so any place where there is a conglomeration of students for more than 5 minutes is bound to attract attention to it.... The first thing that I noticed upon reaching the academic writing center was that I was not the only international student who was having problems when it came to writing my academic papers. European, Asian, Middle Eastern, and other countries were also there, seeking the professional help of the writing assistants. It was like being at the United Nations. That was where I met other Chinese students who had already been using the Writing Center for quite sometime already. That meeting helped me realize that I was not alone and I was not stupid. I had found a home where I could get the academic help that I needed while also connecting with other exchange students who were more than happy to help me out with my written and spoken grammar problems. As Chinese students living in China, we never had to worry about how well we spoke in English or whether we could write academically acceptable English papers. We were in China after all and we only needed to know how to speak in the Chinese language of our region. We did not need to know the difference between batter and butter. It was not necessary to dot every I and cross every T in our papers. We got by. But studying in America is a totally different ballgame and we have to play by the American academic rules of writing and spoken grammar. We all need the kind of help that the university writing center offers to its international student community. All we have to do is take the help being offered. Chinese international students no longer need to be afraid of getting low grades in their essays. There is no need to suffer the sense of hopelessness and feeling of isolation and stupidity because we cannot

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Diverse Nature of Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Diverse Nature of Counseling - Essay Example Psychoanalytic therapy was the first to develop in the area of counseling. It was created by an Austrian doctor by the name of Sigmund Freud. He wrote many aspects of the personality such as the id, ego, and superego. He also came up with the idea of reaction mechanisms in response to anxiety as well as thoughts of the consciousness and unconsciousness. In regards to therapy, the goal of therapy in psychotherapy is to bring the unconscious into the conscious realm through dream interpretation and talking therapy. In addition, it focuses on the strengthening of the ego so that the person becomes more integrated with reality. This was the foundation for all of the other therapies in psychology. The next major form of therapy to develop in counseling was Alderian therapy. It was started by Alfred Adler, who was a student of Freud’s, so there is some psychoanalytical influence on this theory. His basis for this therapy was that people are strongly influenced by the events of the p ast in which they either witnessed or experienced. Unlike in psychoanalysis which is purely deterministic, Alderian therapy acknowledges that both biological and environmental factors can impact a person. Many times, Alderian therapy is used in family and child therapy due to the emphasis on birth order and family constellations. Many times the goal in therapy is helping the person overcome inferiority and modifying faulty lifestyles and motivation. (Rule, & Bishop, 2006). Existential therapy is one of the theories which is more derived from philosophy rather than the behavioral sciences. It was created and supported by Victor Frankl and Rollo May. They reject the deterministic behavior of psychoanalysis in favor of the idea that we have the freedom to choose who and what we want to be. It is in this attempt to find oneself in which the therapy is developed. Logotherapy, the search for meaning, was created using this philosophy on counseling. The goal in counseling is helping the in dividual discover themselves and allowing them to redefine themselves through personal expression and genuineness expressed by the therapist (Yalom, 1980). Person-centered therapy was started by Carol Rogers. Again, rather than the purely biological nature of psychoanalysis, person centered therapy relies on concepts from the humanistic psychology. The main aspects of person centered therapy, as a therapist, are to have unconditional positive regard for a person, congruence, and be able to be empathetic towards the individual. The idea behind person centered therapy is that growth in the client is attained by the genuineness of the client-therapist relationship. This was unlike many of the prior therapy philosophies in that the main goal of therapy is based on the client-therapist relationship (Tudor, & Worrall, 2006). Gestalt therapy is the based on the here and now. According to Fritz Pearls, the goal in helping the client overcome neuroticism is by making them experience their pa st emotions and experiences as if they are a current feeling. Some of the principles of Gestalt therapy included

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Land Economics and Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Land Economics and Planning - Essay Example The paper suggests and recommends some proposals to be followed in this scenario.More and more people from the rural areas are beginning to turn up in the urban areas for the better employment opportunity. This is the â€Å"pull† factor, which attracted people from the villages to come to towns and cities. Subsequently, there were also â€Å"push† factors in the form of change in land reforms and the development of capital-intensive techniques of agriculture. This has created an explosion of urban population in the recent years. As the population increased, the need for appropriate infrastructure to support these people became a necessity. It is a known fact that cities have traditionally enjoyed more economic advantages because the facilities for industrialization like transportation, communication etc. is available here. (Balchin, Isaac & Chen,2000, 2000; pp 1-6). The retail park to be set up will house various retail stores and supermarkets under one roof. This will lead to more employment opportunities for the people in the town. Various retail stores will open up in the area providing for more investment from the companies in the development of the town. As it will be set up in the heart of the town, that would mean the availability of communication from all parts of the town. Subsidiary industries will be opened up to support the new activity in the town. In short, the whole economy will get a facelift using land as a resource. On the contrary, the town center is one of the areas, which lies in the pivotal position of the town. It lends to the beautification of the area with greenery and parks. To set up a retail park would mean the destruction of these places, which are treasured by the citizens. The town will be devoid of the greenery. The construction of a retail park would also mean the setting up of various subsidiary industries, which would increase the pollution.  

Friday, November 15, 2019

Impact of Social Processes on Services and Users

Impact of Social Processes on Services and Users 3.2 Analyse how social processes impact on users of health and social care services The Social process can be defined as the pattern of social interaction that in turn has a changing effect on society over a set period of time (Bain, 2017). It plays a vital role in shaping society. Social processes can impact on users of health and social care service. Processes that lead to marginalisation, isolation and exclusion e.g poverty, unemployment, poor health, disablement, lack of education and other sources of disadvantage can have a negative impact on the demand for health and social care services. Social processes can also impact health and social care services in due to a variety of socio economic factors such family, community, peer groups, social class, values, attitudes, gender, income, expenditure, employment status, housing, media, cultural beliefs, discrimination, education and bullying. Family This refers to genetic relationships (blood ties) or by marriage. There are 4 types of families; extended: including mother father grandparents and other relatives, nuclear:Â   including only mother, father and children, reconstituted: similar to nuclear but not all children are biologically related to both parents and lone parent: a single parent with child. It is where our first emotional relationship takes place. It should be noted that a stressful family environment can influence negatively and affect self-confidence (Boundless, 2017). A warm and pleasant family atmosphere will allow for increased feeling of safety and comfort and therefore enhance confidence and creativity. Community This looks at how a grouped social order such as the local community can affect people. It includes places of religious worship, educational and recreational institutions. The community in which someone is brought up will influence their values, attitudes and beliefs. An individual brought up in a supportive community is likely do better than those that are isolated. Peer groups People of your own age also affect our development especially in the adolescent stage of life. Examples of peer group influences include smoking because most of a persons peers taking it up. If people hang around with negatively influential people it will influence negatively on their values, attitudes and beliefs. Peer groups can be a positive by influencing for example in political socialization (Boundless, 2017). Social class and employment Your occupation or your parents occupation determine your social class. People from the higher social class have enjoyed good health and lived longer on average than people of a lower social class (Ford et al, 2017). This may be because they earn more money and have a better living condition etc. low income individuals live in poor environment with more stress and crime. Income and expenditure Income comes from various sources such as from wages, benefit, sale of property, interest on savings and profit from business. People who live on very low income are typically lone-parents, unemployed, and elderly, sick or disables, unskilled workers. The economic resources that you or your family have make a lot of difference to the quality of life that people have (Ford et al., 2017). This is related to social class as the more income you have the more increased your social class will be; this is due to the increased ability to be self-sufficient. With increased income your expenditure can increase showing your increase in class. An example can be seen in buying an expensive car; by having an expensive car you are perceived to be wealthy and therefore is a sign of higher social class. Employment If you or your parents are out of work you may life on benefit which is low income. You will end up living in poor accommodation and settlements which will in turn affect your development (Ford et al., 2017). Housing When you have a high income you can take out a mortgage and buy a good house. And decide where you want to live. If you have a low income then you have less choice. Live in council estates or densely populated areas. These areas are associated with poor health, increased crime in the neighborhood, more noise from high density housing, stress from overcrowding and lack of privacy (Ford et al., 2017). Media Communities and families are influenced by the information and opinions communicated by the media. This include the newspapers, radio, TV internet, adverts magazines and poster. An example of positive influences can be from listening to debates and informative shows, these can encourage people to better question the world around them and fuel the hunger for knowledge which help them understand and improve their lives for the better. A negative influence could be in the watching of violent films and radicalization online or on TV this can be detrimental to the community resulting in more crime and fear amongst locals. Culture and beliefs A culture can be identified by distinct aspects of the language, self-presentation, religion, music, art, architecture, and literature. It is the collection of values beliefs customs and behaviors. Children learn the customs associated with their family culture during childhood. They later learn the culture of the local community and end up sharing the same beliefs about religion and other issues. but now with the use of internet and how multicultural the society is, people can choose to identify with any culture (Boundless, 2017). Discrimination When people are discriminated against because of their race, beliefs gender, religion, sexuality or mental ability, they lose confidence, have a low self-esteem, become isolated, depressed, anxious, and feel angry and frustrated. They will withdraw and be stressed. This will lead to a poor mental health. They will also feel vulnerable and unsafe. This is when an individual is harassed or oppressed or intimidated by other people. Discrimination may result in bullying and hence people who are bullied will experience the same consequences of discrimination. Education Schools from deprived areas are overcrowded and most of the time the children do not do well. This is opposite for schools in affluent areas where children have more learning opportunities. Hence where a child goes to school can also determine what they become in future (Boundless, 2017). Social Processes: In high dense population areas with low income, unemployment, poor health, disablement, lack of education and other sources has an impact of Socio Economic factors. On the other hand, areas with high income and less population do not suffer any anti-social problems. They are highly educated and earn good wages. They also live in big houses with less people. Health and social care services need to be attuned to the social processes of the area being able to cater to a diverse society addressing concepts including prejudice, interpersonal, institutional and structural discrimination, empowerment and anti-discriminatory practices. Social process can affect health and social care services through lifestyle factors. This is the way we choose to live our lives and spend our time and money. This can influence our development through nutrition and dietary choices, exercise, stress and substance abuse. Other factors that can influence development can be seen in the environment. These factors include; aaccess to leisure/recreational facilities, access to health and social care services, access to employment and income, aaccess to education and water and sanitation/pollution. References Bain, R. (2017). The Concept of Social Process. [online] Brocku. Available at: https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Bain/Bain_1932a.html [Accessed 6 Feb. 2017]. Boundless. (2017). Family, Peers, Church, and School. [online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/public-opinion-6/forming-public-opinion-45/family-peers-church-and-school-260-5674/ [Accessed 6 Feb. 2017]. Ford, S., Ford, S., Ford, S. and Stephenson, J. (2017). Social class and its influence on health. [online] Nursing Times. Available at: https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/public-health/social-class-and-its-influence-on-health/5091017.article [Accessed 6 Feb. 2017].

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

The Effects Of The Wall Street Crash :: Free Essays

The effects of the Wall Street Crash were felt all around America as people starved, businesses became bankrupt and unemployment rose. This era was known as the Great Depression and would last for another ten to twenty years. In the short term, rich investors lost great deals of money. Whilst, poorer investors, who had borrowed ‘on the margin’, could not repay their loans and thus became bankrupt. After a while, these incidents began to affect the American public. Firstly, unemployment rose as industries sunk into decline. The 14 million unemployed was a stark contrast to the 1.5 million unemployed in the 1920’s. To make things worse, wages across the country began fall rapidly as people became more and more prepared to work for less. This led to many impoverished families being forced into homelessness, poverty and starvation. Every town had a so-called Hooverville, a shanty town of ramshackle huts where migrants lived, while they searched for work. In these Hoovervilles, conditions were unsanitary and disease spread easily. Many of these people lived on food provided by charities, but by 1932, the Red Cross, for example, could only give 75 cents a week to each family. A banking crisis then swept across America, as the confidence of the American public fell. In 1929, 659 banks failed due to unpaid loans. As a result people stopped trusting banks and withdrew their savings. This in turn led to more banks failing. People in agriculture were hardest hit by the Depression because the 1920’s had not been kind to them anyway. Many farmers had their land and homes repossessed, as they could not afford to pay back their mortgages and loans. Furthermore, since areas in the Southern States had been over cultivated, the land became less and less fertile and a Dust Bowl arose. Many of these ruined farmers travelled to California to find any labouring work.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

General Management Essay

Case on Discomfort in a factory and Management Decision MakingMohan remembered the call from the head office as he puts down the telephone receiver. His boss fromhead office he said, â€Å"I just read your analysis and I want you to go down to our plant in Kollakal near Mysore right away. You know we cannot afford this plant any more – the costs are just too high. So godown there, check out what would be our operational costs would be if we move, and report back to mein a week. â€Å"Mohan knew the challenge quite well as the branch manager of the Good will Specialty Products. Hiscompany is into manufacturing of special apparel for injured and people with other medical conditions. He needs to deal with high-cost labor in a remote village not so sophisticated plant, unionized manufac-turing plant. Although he had done the analysis there were 480 people who made a living at this facilityand if it is closed most of them will find it very difficult to get another job in the small town consisting of about 10 000 people. Instead of the Rs. 20/- per hour paid to the Kollakal workers the wages paid to the migrant workers near Aurangabad will be much cheaper Rs. /- hour working in sub human conditions. This provides a savingof 15 lakhs to the company for a year, which, can now be used to meet the costs for training, transporta-tion and other matters. After two days of talking with Migrant workers association and representatives of other companies usingthe same services in the town, Mohan had enough information to formulate alternative plan for produc-tion and the c ost figures for production and transportation. What was bothering him was only the thoughtthat how is going to handover the termination of service notice to the Kollakal workers. The plant in Kollakal had been in operation since 1930s making special apparel for persons sufferingfrom injuries and other medical conditions. Mohan has often talked to the employees who would recountstories of their fathers and grant fathers working in the company plant-the last of the original manufactur-ing operations in the town. AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL But friendship aside competitors had already edged past Good will in terms of price and were dangerous-ly close to overtaking it in product quality. Although Mohan and his Boss had tried to convince the unionto accept the lower wages, union leaders resisted it. In fact, in one occasion when Mohan tried to discussa cell manufacturing approach, which would cross train employees to perform up to three different jobs,local union leaders could barely restrain their anger. Yet probing beyond their anger Mohan sensed their vulnerability, but could not break through. Tomorrow he will discuss his report with the CEO. Mohan does not want to be responsible for disman-tling of the plant at Kollakal, an act, which Mohan believes is personally wrong, but he is helpless. Mo-han said to himself â€Å"The costs are too high, the union’s unwilling to cooperate, and the company needs tomake a better return on its investment if it has to continue at all. It sounds right, but it feels wrong. Whatshould I do? Questions : 1. Assume you want to lead the change to save the Kollkal plant. Describe how you would proceed? 2. What is the primary type of change needed – technology, product, structure or people/culture? 3. What techniques would you use to overcome union resistance and implement change? i need the answers for this case study plz provide me

Friday, November 8, 2019

Crystal meth addiction case study Essays

Crystal meth addiction case study Essays Crystal meth addiction case study Essay Crystal meth addiction case study Essay By the clip you are in simple you already have some cognition on drugs.They affect us in assorted ways, sometimes even personally.For Luke it became a personal issue. At foremost he began populating in the house of a crystal Methedrine nut to research the drug and see first-hand how it affected others. Originally he had no purpose of taking the drug, but after some clip he fell into enticement. Since the house he was populating in was full of crystal Methedrines and crystal Methedrine nuts it’s non surprising that this stoping up go oning. At first he would merely utilize it occasionally/recreationally. He felt that he could carry through more while utilizing it and that non-user were eldritch for non utilizing it. Harmonizing to him it was cheap, it helped him lose weight, and it was truly fun. â€Å"I felt originative, confident and productive.† ( Luke Williams ) But after sometime this recreational drug became something he could non populate without. Luke so became an nut and began to see psychotic episodes and aggression. Because of crystal Methedrine he felt that everyone was out to acquire him and wanted to kill him. This is when he realized that he needed to halt. He went to a infirmary, but they offered him reasonably much no aid and were really unsympathetic. The topographic point where he used to populate kicked him out and happening a topographic point to remain became a hard undertaking. He lived with other crystal Methedrine nuts but they began to toss out on him, go forthing him with no pick, but to return place. His parents were really sort and took him in and helped him with his dependence. Learning to get by with the after effects of crystal Methedrine was difficult, but with the aid of his parents he is now populating a normal healthy life style. Although he no longer has that many friends he feels better, because now he doesn ’t have bad influences around him. He realizes how dense he was for taking crystal Methedrine and encourages others to neer seek it ( Williams ) . But where did this drug that destroys so many places and lives come from? This drug is a semisynthetic stimulation that has been around for a long clip. Crystal Methedrine was originally made by the authorities during World War II to assist soldiers remain awake. But after recognizing the after affects it had on the soldiers the authorities decided to censor it. Most of the crystal Methedrine in the United States comes from Mexican ace labs. Although people still do it here in the U.S. it’s normally inside their places. It’s really unsafe to do because of the chemicals involved which are really explosive. Crystal Methedrine comes in clear chunky crystals resembling ice and is most normally smoked. You can place Crystal Meth nuts by certain characteristics/behaviors that they exhibit. One of the first things that you will get down to notice is that they do non care about their personal visual aspect or hygiene. They continually pick at their hair and tegument which doing themselves awful looking sores. And they get hickeies that are difficult to acquire rid of. They are besides more likely to steal to pay for their dependence. Angry effusions and temper swings are really common in crystal Methedrine nuts. Other affects it has on the organic structure is raising the organic structure temperature to an unnatural degree, so high that the user could go through out or even dices. They lose appetite and weight dramatically. Dilated students, rapid oculus motion, anxiety, confusion, insomnia, insecure sex, violent effusions, and jerking are some of the after effects of crystal Methedrine. Users can go paranoid and hear and see things that aren’t really at that place ( hallucina tions ) . ( Ratini ) But why do people take this drug? What makes it so habit-forming? The powerful haste people get from utilizing crystal Methedrine makes a batch of people get aquiline right from the start. When it s used, a chemical called Dopastat ( chemical in the encephalon that inundations parts of it that regulate feelings of pleasance ) . Users besides feel confident and energetic. A user can go addicted rapidly and shortly finds he will make anything to hold the haste once more. As he continues to utilize the drug, he builds up a tolerance. That means he needs higher doses to acquire the same high. The higher the dose of crystal Methedrine, the higher the hazards. How make you acquire clean from such a powerful drug? How do you emancipate yourself from its Fe appreciation? Since most people who try crystal Methedrines are instantly addicted to it, it’s really hard to acquire clean from it. Actually it’s one of the hardest drug dependences to crush. Peoples who are addicted to crystal Methedrines normally can non crush the dependence on their ain and require professional aid. They either need a professional counsellor or drug intervention plan. For the first few hebdomads their organic structures will travel into backdown and they will merely be able to eat and kip because their head and organic structure are excessively tired to make anything else. They will experience anti-social and may hold violent effusions. During the whole backdown your organic structure is shouting for Methedrine. This is the hardest portion of acquiring clean. Then they go through a honeymoon stage where they feel ace confident. Most people have a backsli ding during this minute because of how complete confident they are. Then comes more depression and ennui after this. Finally they move into the accommodation stage where they begin to set to society and life in general. Staying clean is a day-to-day pick so it’s an on-going recovery. But how does this drug impact your religious life? Can you still have a close relationship with God while making Crystal Meth? No, you can’t†¦ Of class the Bible neer straight negotiations about drugs but that’s because they were non around during those yearss. But it does speak about dependences. All of the apostolic exhortations to stay sober-minded and watchful are designed to remind us that we must be argus-eyed against the traps of the Devil who seeks to entrap us through misrepresentation. ( 1 Peter 5:8 ) ( 1 Corinthians 15:34 ; 1 Thessalonians 5:4-8 ; 2 Timothy 4:5 ; 1 Peter 1:13 ; 4:7 ; 5:8 ) All of these texts talk about being sober and how can you make that if you’re so high you don’t even cognize your name? Sobriety is besides of import for supplication ( 1 Peter 4:7 ) . As Christians, our organic structures are non our ain, we have been bought with a monetary value which is the blood of Christ ( 1 Peter 1:17-19 ) ( 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 ) . Having bought us with His ain life if we pollute or harm our organic structures we desecrate the House of God ( 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 ) . So I guess all this answers the inquiry if you can or can’t be high and still see yourself a devoted Christian. In the beginning I mentioned that Luke began to utilize the drug because he was naive of its effects on the human organic structure and what crystal meth really was. After reading all of this information I feel like he would believe twice earlier seeking the drug. Peoples don’t normally think about the effects drugs have on your organic structure and neer halt to see the after effects. But if it is all written out for you and personal testimonies are added so it’s a batch easier to halt and be informed about the drug. This type of information would hold saved Luke from a batch of hurting, adversity, and danger. And all though he wasn’t a Christian, the texts from the Bible can be really helpful to Christian young person who are experimenting with different things. Many people are nescient and believe that merely seeking a drug one time will non impact them subsequently on and that they are merely traveling to make it one time recreationally. Unfortunately this is non the instance 99 % of the clip. Because crystal Methedrine is so strong people get addicted to it the first clip they try it and it is truly difficult to halt the dependence that is why Luke had such a difficult clip. To forestall things like this from go oning we need to talk out against drug maltreatment and inform people on what Crystal Methedrine and drugs in general do to your organic structure. We need to allow them cognize that they take control of your life and leave you worse than you of all time were before. And combating drug dependence is a womb-to-tomb thing because your organic structure will ever hunger the drug. Crystal meth ruins 100s of lives, households, relationships, and places each twelvemonth that is why we must talk out against it now. Luke didn’t have people in his life to inform him, but think about the people you know that are messing around with drugs ; have you taken the clip to inform them? Don’t allow them travel through all the thing s Luke went through. Plants Cited Petit, Aymeric. J Addict Res. Methamphetamine Addiction: A Review of the Literature( 2012 ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //omicsonline.org/methamphetamine-addiction-a-review-of-the-literature-2155-6105.S1-006.php? aid=3893. Ratini, Melinda.crystal meth what should you cognize. 16 september 2014. 6 may 2015. A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/crystal-meth-what-you-should_know A ; gt ; . Williams, Luke. life as a chrystal Methedrine nut . The saturday Paper2 8 2014: 2.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

effect) essays

Anti-Depressants (cause/effect) essays Anti-depressants can be extremely beneficial to patients as well detrimental. Doctors are turning to anti-depressants as a cure all for anybody feeling down or low. All people go through natural high and low points in their lives and most do not need medication to help them. There can be serious physical, mental, and emotional side effects to taking an anti-depressant when prescribed by the doctor both correctly or incorrectly. There are two types of depressions that can occur. The first type is a natural depression caused by happenings in a persons life. This is caused by the everyday events placed on a person by such things as family, friends, school, and work. A natural depression can last from just one day to a couple of months. The second type of depression is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. In the brain are millions of things called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that carry messages from one cell to another. When there are improper balances in neurotransmitters, various diseases result, including depression. There are several types of chemicals in neurotransmitters; serotonin, neropinephrine, and dopamine. Anti-depressants work by either providing more of said chemicals to the body or by blocking reuptake cells that pick the chemical back up after it has been released to allow the chemical more time to reach its destination. When prescribed correctly, anti-depressants can be very helpful to a patient. After being taken for a couple of weeks the patient will start to return to normal daily activities. Patients will be able to wake up in the morning and do the activities they had stopped because they no longer felt compelled to do them. Patients in a depression usually sleep long hours and stay away from strenuous or cumbersome activities. After taking the anti-depressants they will return to a some what normal sleep schedule and will have the energy t...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Nursing philosophy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing philosophy - Personal Statement Example A nurse should embrace the caring culture as they should put aside their values and care for the sick patient. Nurses should have integrity so as to make an ethical decision (Watson 65). Nurses should also embrace diversity so as to understand different cultures in accordance to their patients. Nurses believe that humans are complex organisms and that the study of their nature is more complex than people perceive (Watson 70). Nurses also believe that humans like to be understood. Finally, nurses believe that all humans behave differently. This is helpful as nurses look after dozens of people each day. Hence, they learn to relate with the different types of species that are out there. The society expects nurses to offer emotional support to their patients, as well as their families. Also, the society expects nurses to have good hygiene along with their dressing (Watson 72). Finally, a nurse is also expected, by the society, to follow the doctor’s orders. This might include overseen tests among others. A patient expects a nurse to look after him or her in all ways (Watson 72). For instance, a patient who cannot walk expects a nurse to lead his or her way in the hospital. In addition, families with their respective members in a hospital expect nurses to look after them with much care. Finally, a doctor expects that a nurse follows his or her directions such as when caring out surgeries or tests that are left behind to be done later (Watson 73). Education in nursing offers the potential nurse with great knowledge that she might draw upon on her career (Watson 105). Also, education nursing requires potential nurse to complete a semester of hands-on practice in a health center. This enables potential nurses to have a glimpse of what nursing really involves before they call it a career (Watson 105). Finally, education in nursing enables future nurses to acquire licenses from the National Council Licensure Examination in nursing. If I turn out to be a nurse,

Friday, November 1, 2019

Infancy and early childhood Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Infancy and early childhood Development - Essay Example Caregivers and the family play a very important role in infants’ emotional and cognitive development. This is because they infants get attached to those people around them who are responsive and provide them comfort. According to Evans and Erikson (1981, p.12), in the first stage of cognitive development in infants, trust versus mistrust, infants get close to and develop trust on their parents and the family members from whom they find reassurance. How the family interacts with an infant or a young child defines how he is going to make a schema of the world inside his mind. If the family is going to offer him warmth and dependable fondness, the child is going to develop a trustworthy relationship not only with the family but with whomever he will meet in his life; whereas, if the family provides him with insecurities and the child does not feel that his basic needs are being fulfilled, he will develop a sense of mistrust with the whole world. Thus, the active participation of family and how they meet the basic needs (that include food, clothing, comfort, affection) of the infant define if the child is going to trust others and feel them reliable or is going to mistrust others and feel them unreliable and undependable. If the family has been abusive toward the child, he will grow up to be abusive toward the world and will perceive the world as a dangerous place to live in.

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Neighborhood Planning Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Neighborhood Planning - Annotated Bibliography Example iii. The City of Surrey has an OCP defined by goals and policies, which lead to the city’s planning operations. Surrey’s OCP offers direction for Surrey’s physical organization, management of land, transportation priorities, community growth, use of farmland, and ecological awareness.3 iv. Fraser Basic Council developed an OCP for taking action against climate change and raising awareness about the phenomenon. Local authorities approved the development of the OCP as a form of bylaw under which activities assumed by Fraser Basic Council would be consistent with the OCP.4 v. The Ministry of Community, Sport, and Cultural Development under the Government of British Columbia undertook an OCP in 2014 that its cities and regional constituencies developed.5 This OCP is a long-term reflection of the community that determines locations, sums, types, and concentration of suburban developments required by the Local Government Act  section 875. vi. The City of North Vancouver first undertook an OCP in 1980, revised it in 1992, and continued it to date. The OCP aims to balance the social, ecological, and economic requirements of the community of North Vancouver.6 Gansmo, Helen Jà ¸sok. "Municipal planning of a sustainable neighborhood: action research and stakeholder dialogue."  Building Research & Information  40, no. 4 (July 2012): 493-503.  Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed January 23, 2015). Researcher Gansmo attempts to find the most appropriate way to foster the change to greener neighborhoods. Determining whether planners can start an improved dialogue to facilitate stakeholder participation in planning, construction, and residing in greener neighborhoods.7 The article describes and implements methodical procedures that find the core contributors to greener neighborhoods and implementing the dialogue approaches in the early stages of planning for the project. Aditya, Trias.

Monday, October 28, 2019

HR information system Essay Example for Free

HR information system Essay Human resource Management is a fundamental part of an organization. The use of technology for the advancement of human resource management has risen extensively from the last decade. In today’s organizations technology greatly influences the managerial processes and techniques in the human resources department. Information Technology has proven itself useful in every area of human life. It is become essential for organizations around the world to use advanced technology in departments of development, maintenance recruitment and various others. The large range of applications provided by IT have become indispensable for any operation and have proven themselves a quality improving and time saving necessity for the organizations desiring development and success. In the human resources management, technology is not only responsible for bringing positive changes but it has also brought a number of issues and challenges for organizations. The most major challenge that a company faces in the process of adopting and implementing these technologies is the restructuring of the HR modules. It is important for the effective functioning of the technologies to be aligned with the HR functions. The creation of a correct management atmosphere is important for the existence of successful and authentic organizations. The research encompasses the challenges and issues that come in the path of organizations while implying IT techniques on HR functions. Research Question How does the implementation of IT effect the human resource management and what advantages or disadvantages an organization faces when applying programs such as SAP? Aim The aim of this research is to determine the use of information systems in order to integrate Information Technology in Human Resource functions and also to outline the role of software programs namely SAP in human resource management and how it is effective in accomplishing this merger between technology and various Human Resource areas. Objectives to Achieve the Aim 1. To outline the importance of introducing Information Technology in Human Resources. 2. To discuss how Information Technology affects the progress of human resource management. 3. To describe the role that SAP plays in implementing technology in human Resources. 4. To explain the processes by which SAP software influences the Human Resource functions of an organization. 5. To determine what are the aspects which ensure the success of the implementation of Information Technology techniques in Human Resource Management. 6. To review the benefits and drawbacks that comes with the introduction of information systems in human resources. 7. To determine the functions of Information Technology within an organization. 8. To identify the nature of challenges and problems that can come in consequence of applying Information Technology techniques across Human resource functions. 9. To study how by the help of several techniques and methods Human Resources can evade these issues and challenges . 10. To summarize how effective is a merger between human resource and information technology to an organization’s development. Background of Research The research is based on the fact that how much advanced technology has become an important part of the business world in modern times. It is not possible for organizations to function properly in any department without the assistance of Information Technology and the tools it provides. Manual methods of management processes and transactions in firms are fast dying and being replaced by faster and surer methods of achieving various tasks that are required to be done. The old techniques cannot compete in today’s fast paced world and every institute should be ready to make the reforms and accept the changes that are brought upon their implementations. They need to hire employees who are efficient in technological operations or familiar with the advanced equipment and take assistance from IT related training  courses like SAP to make their employees aware of the advancements made in the processes of managing every aspect in a company and making them proficient in bringing those methods in their practice to improve the company’s standards and boost its growth. Organizations which do not take advantage from this wave of technology and do not learn to balance on it are sure to be submerged in the growing rate of the use of technology. The Human Resource department has also not lagged behind in this technological advancement marathon. Most organizations have been using one form or other of Human Resource information system over the last decade. In a research conducted in 2002 it has been found that seventy percent of the organizations in Europe use Internet or Intranet to provide Human Resource services to employees. Surveys done in the United Kingdom alone in 2005 by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development revealed that seventy seven percent of companies use HRIS. In a similar research done by Cranfield School of Management in 2003 it found out an even higher number of companies, at eighty two percent, that use HRIS. A human resource information system is able to give various performances ranging from the simple storage of data and communication of information to the entangled process of transactions. With the advancement of technology the functions provided by HRIS have increased and enhanced. HRIS is designed and improved to be beneficial to the functions of Human Resources, line managers, and the entire organization on the whole. If an overall study is done without bias the use of Information Technology has more advantages than problems. It has brought speed, accuracy, efficiency and fewer chances of downfalls in company processes and most importantly has brought a decrease in HR costs. It has also made possible to make Human Resource information available to managers and employees, enabling them to perform uncomplicated human Resource tasks themselves. The implementation of HRIS in order to cut down the cost rates of a company to lessen the burden of transaction and administration on Human Resource functions can lead to a modification in the constitution of HR and allow the function to also play an strategic part in the company. There can be various reasons due to which a company introduces HRIS to influence its functions such as the need to bring improvement to company processes or reduce cost to bring developments in communication and the growth of customer services. Rationale of the research This research has been done to outline in detail to show how the advancement of technology has affected Human Resources. It has raised standards of recruitment, training, data storage and retrieval and performance management. Before the HR recruiting teams had to rely on the print material, namely newspapers, to post ads about jobs get applicants for positions that need to be filled. More methods like networking were also used but that prevented the human resource recruiters to post jobs on a number of locations and also there was no method to make the ads visible to millions of people. Technology has made the method of recruitment more effectual and makes a much greater impact on HR than the old techniques. Training methods have also improved due to technology. In the past years there was were no ways to come in contact of company information and training programs from far way locations. The training of HR workers in virtual classrooms enables trainers to train larger numbers of people than before. Data storage and retrieval has also had a positive effect by the technological advances. The virtual files are more easily accessible and flexible in matters of changing data according to the wish of the HR professionals. It has become easy to monitor the performance of employees and also to receive feedback from the employees for the progress of the organization. Literature Review Emma Parry (2010) determines in the Benefits of technology in Human Resources Management that the use of technology has grown considerably in the last few years in the Human Resource department. She enhances how the capabilities and performances in the Human resource have gown because of the introduction of HRIM. It leads to take Human resource management to a whole new level. It allows it to emerge with a strategic role after the implementation of HRIM. Johnson and Gueuta (2011) states in Transforming HR through Technology that human resources is becoming a more technology based pr0ofession over the years. In most companies people think of Human Resources department more as a portal than a person. According to the recent researches it has been determined that companies who properly use the technologies provided by Human Resources are far successful and advanced than the ones who don’t.  Julie Bulmash (2012) describes Human Resource technology has advanced over the past decade and discusses the importance of technology on the role of human Resource professionals. And how do they make the function of Human Resources much more efficient, smooth and speedy. Methodology: Methodology refers to the methods of collecting data that have been used in the research. Here it will be briefly explained what kind of data collecting methods have been applied and the reason behind choosing that type of method. This research will be using the qualitative research methods for the collection of data. Data collection Methods To employ the qualitative research approach the questionnaire method of data collection has been chosen. A questionnaire has been created in that method in order to collect data by providing the employee with a questionnaire and he\she are asked to answer the questions given. The questions can be multiple choices or open ended questions. They decide how exactly the analysis of job can be done. This approach is quite effective because people would carefully to put anything in writing without thinking. A questionnaire was given to the employees to determine their opinions on various topics such as Information Technology, hospitality, finance, manufacturing, retail, and defense. The feedback gave a clear view on which areas need to be worked on. Based upon it and a theoretical comprehension of the field of Human resources it became easier to point out the problems that should be discussed on the research and which haven’t been brought to light before. Qualitative research This method of research is a primary source of research. It is exploratory and is used in order to achieve comprehension of fundamental reasons, motivations and opinions. It gives insight to assess the nature of the problem or assist in building of ideas or hypothesis for the secondary research process or quantitative research method. Qualitative research is used also for uncovering of inclinations people’s thoughts or opinions and ponder harder to get to the root of a problem by that. The methods for qualitative data collecting vary according to the form of techniques used.  Whether they are structured or non structured. Conceptual Framework Human resources technology has evolved from the use of paper work and pencil to computers electronic databases and human resource information systems. Internet based technology has played an important role in enabling HR to decrease transactional activities and focus more on playing a strategic role in organizations. The main areas that HRIS system works on are recruitment, employee administration, pension administration, health and safety, data collecting, saving and organizing, compensation and benefits administration, management of the company, employment equity and payroll interface. The functions of HRIS are to create and organize records of employees, reporting of work performances, Hr planning and forecasting, and management of talent, strategic alignment and development of decision power. The role of HR workers has also changed considerably according to advancement of technology. The acquire proficiency now in Human resource technology and its delivery, personal credibility, and vast business knowledge. Current technology will continue to bring advancements in HR performances and will continue to focus on the value that HR brings to an organization. Conclusion The human resource sector has made numerous advances due to technology in the past era and will continue to do so with the changes that are brought by the constant upheaval in the IT world of making things more effective and fast than before. HRIS has made various areas of HR extremely accessible and successful in accordance to the fast paced world of today. The methods of recruiting employees, managerial organization, data storage, training of professionals and more areas have undergone major changes due to the integration of Information Technology in the world of Human Resources. If these changes haven’t been employed and training programs hadn’t been designed to create technological awareness and familiarity it would’ve been a big setback to organizations. It has risen the standards of professionals working in human resources and the organizations have been able to get productivity, creativity, innovation and progress in finances on a whole new  level. HR technology is still going through this evolution of technology as they must use newer and refined methods of generating an organization’s human capital. Human resources would need to continue adopting the latest technological trends in order to keep up with advancements and provide more efficient functions. It will need to use technology to redefine their areas in which they work to derive more productivity. The increment in the usage of portals and intranets and other virtual tools will bring a more great impact on Human resource performance in the near future. Bibliography Storey, J. (Ed.). (2007). Human resource management: A critical text. Cengage Learning EMEA. Ulrich, D. (2013). Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Bohlander, G., Snell, S. (2006). Managing human resources. Cengage Learning. Lawler, E. E., Mohrman, S. A. (2003). HR as a strategic partner: what does it take to make it happen?. Human Resource Planning, 26(3), 15-29. Varian, H. R., Farrell, J. V. (2004). The economics of information technology: An introduction. Cambridge University Press. Goo, J., Kishore, R., Rao, H. R., Nam, K. (2009). The Role of Service Level Agreements in Relational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: An Empirical Study. Mis Quarterly, 33(1).

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Natural Law Theory Essay -- essays research papers fc

Natural Law Theory The natural law theory is a theory that dates back to the time of the Greeks and great thinkers like Plato and Aristotle. Defined as the law which states that human are inborn with certain laws preordained into them which let them determine what is right and what is wrong.(Bainton 174) This theory was them adapted by religious philosophers to fit the Christian religion.(Berkhof 114) This, however was not exactly the same as the original. The classical thinkers were the first to define the natural law. Heraclitus, in the sixth century BC, specified one the components by saying, *for all human laws are nourished by one, the divine.* This meant that a divine power determined a logic and gave to all humans. (Microsoft Encarta) This definition put this law into direct conflict with positive laws. Aristotle elaborated on the word natural in relation to law. He said that a natural law was one that had the same validity for every one and situation.(Berkhof 268) An example of this would be that a man contemplating murder would see that it was wrong by his nature. His reason would tell him that to kill another was unnatural, and therefore wrong. Cicero tries to determine what the actual law encompassed and he came up with the theory of Stoicism. Stoicism is an interpretation of the natural law which states that every, single person is a part of the universe that was created and is ruled by a divine power rationally. To live rationally and with virtue, according to...

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Diversity of individuals with dementia and the importance of inclusion Essay

1.1- explain what is meant by the terms †¢ diversity The Service Users i deliver care to are all different in many ways.This can be along the dimensions of gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, physical abilities, political beliefs, religious beliefs or other ideologies. This means that i have to be aware of a person’s individuality and respect their choices. To be understanding and not show prejudice. Valuing the benefits of someone being different from ourselves, not making assumptions. †¢ anti-discriminatory practice Anti discriminatory practice is the measure that is taken to prevent any type of discrimination that is based on race, disability, gender and class where it also takes into account how people behave towards others in society. Service users should not be treated any differently because of the way they live their lives, they should be treated equally. Promoting procedures and systems to make sure that discrimination does not happen. Making sure individuals aren’t excluded. †¢ anti-oppressive practice see more:describe how agreed ways of working relate to the rights of an individual with dementia Anti-oppressive practise is challenging all forms of discrimination e.g. racism, ageism. Challenging inequality and speaking out when someones behaviour is unacceptable. Encouraging service users to report incidents. Being assertive. Using person centred approach. Valuing individuals. Anti-oppressive practice is an attempt within social work to acknowledge oppression in societies, economies, cultures, and groups, and to remove or negate the influence of that oppression. (http://uk.ask.com/wiki/Anti-oppressive_practice?lang=en) 1.2- explain why it is important to recognise and respect an individual’s heritage It is important to recognise and respect an individual’s heritage as their heritage is their past life history , it can tell us a lot about the individual, especially if their lacking in communication skills and  cannot tell us themselves. If we know more about the history of a person with dementia, we can learn their likes and dislikes. We get to know what makes them happy or what makes them sad and then we can deliver the best care possible. It shows that we respect the individuals culture, language, religion which enables the service user to be themselves. It would help the service user to feel valued, and prevent isolation and withdrawal from other people. It would benefit us to build a rappour with the service user, enabling them to form relationships with others 1.3- describe why an individual with dementia may be subjected to discrimination and oppression People with dementia face discrimination for a number of reasons. Because most people with dementia are over the age of 65, they can also face issues of age discrimination. People with dementia are also more at risk of discrimination as they do not have the capacity to make their own decisions on a day to day basis so other people with a lack of understanding towards people living with dementia may make poor decisions for them, and think that because they don’t have capacity that they don’t matter as much. If approached by somebody who doesnt understand the illness, they are more likely to avoid that person with dementia as they dont know how to approach the situation, this could lead to social isolation. May be because they have displayed challenging behaviour and they do not conform to the norms of behaviour,they then may not be included in activities. 1.4- describe how discrimination and oppressive practice can be challenged To challenge discrimination i think we need to be educated about dementia, how it affects the person and there families and how to care for the person in a way that meets there needs.We are all individuals and everyone has their own unique character and personality, which are developed through the different life experiences, cultures and beliefs we follow. It is also through other factors such as social class, age, ethnicity, culture, background and gender. It is important and essential to treat different people as individuals and to try and meet their needs rather than stereotyping people. E.g. all old people are the same. Treating everyone the same is failing to respect diversity. We all want to be treated with dignity and it is a very important part of an individual’s life. Working in the health and social care profession it is important to help people maintain  their dignity so they can keep their sense of self-respect and self-worth. All health and social care professionals should be sensitive and aware of the needs of people and service users. Just because a person has dementia, they still need to be given a choice and not assume that they cannot make a choice. Not everybody is the same, there are different levels of dementia, so getting to know the service user is vital to challenge discrimination. We also need to make sure that the service user or their families are aware of the complaints procedure. Having policies and procedures are put in place and that staff are up to date on their training. Understand that each individual’s experience of dementia is unique 2.1- explain why it is important to identify an individual’s specific and unique needs It is important to identify individual’s specific and unique needs so that they can receive the best care possible. Taking a person centred approach is vital, treating a service user as an individual person and acknowledge that they have different needs to the next person. For example i have a Service User DR who has a grade 3 bedsore. DR is bed bound, it has been identified that DR needs to be turned regularly so that his bedsore can heal affectively, he requires 5 calls a day to make this possible. This is so important to his health. If this hadn’t been identified than DR’s bedsore could get worse, he could be in a lot of pain and discomfort. 2.2- compare the experience of dementia for an individual who has acquired it as an older person with the experience of an individual who has acquired it as a younger person Dementia is more common in people over the age of 65, therefore there are more services provided, such as day care, i recently worked a couple of days in a day centre, all the service users were over 65, we played bingo, dominoes and listened to old war time songs, they got involved and really enjoyed the time they spent there. All these activities are centred around the service users being older. If a younger person under the age of 65 with dementia was to attend this day centre, they may not be able to relate or enjoy these activities as much. I don’t think there are as many serviced available to the young living with dementia. Most of my service users are over 65. I did have one service user AK that was only 46. She was very independent and could still manage day to day living; she often went out and was very active. She conversated very well and was aware of her illness which is a rarity. But there was no other service available for her,  no where that she could meet other young people with dementia. She didn’t have much family, she had a sister who also had dementia, and young nieces and nephews, so they were unable to provide any care or support. This differs from someone older with dementia, if they have children they are normally older, have more time if they have retired, less financial commitments ie. Mortgage paid off. So they have a bigger support network. They also may have have less financial ties if they are older. If a younger person is diagnosed with dementia, they may still have a mortgage to pay for this would be very stressful if the individual had to give up work, they don’t have a pension, or a regular income that they can rely on to pay for care. 2.3- describe how the experience of an individual’s dementia may impact on carers Many carers report personal satisfaction from their caring role. However unpaid caring can have a considerable impact on a carer’s health and wellbeing. Depression, emotional and physical exhaustion and general poor health are common. The Princess Royal Trust for Carers (2011) found that: Two thirds of older carers have long term health problems or a disability themselves One third of older carers reported having cancelled treatment or an operation they needed due to their caring responsibilities Half of all older carers reported that their physical health had got worse in the last year More than 4 out of 10 older carers said that their mental health had deteriorated over the last year. Caring can be an emotionally draining experience. Carers have to come to terms with irreversible and upsetting changes in their relationships, such as a child now caring for a parent. Caring can also be very lonely. Many carers report being cut off from their former social circles which brings feelings of isolation and depression. Two thirds of all people wi th dementia live in their own homes. Unpaid carers provide most of their support. One study found that half of all people with dementia in the community received at least 35 hours of informal care per week (Murray et al, 1999). Many carers of people with dementia are older people themselves, with physical frailty and health conditions of their own. Changes in memory, thinking and feeling mean a person with dementia finds it increasingly difficult to cope with everyday life. Carers are needed to provide emotional support, reassurance and help with a range of tasks, such as bathing and dressing. Sleep disturbances are common in dementia and mean that caring is a 24 hour job  for many carers. Carers of people with dementia may also take on many of the tasks the person with dementia used to do, such as paying the bills or cooking meals. Because dementia is a progressive condition, carers find they are required to provide increasingly intensive support as time progresses. Research shows that carers of people with dementia experience greater strain and distress than carers of other older people (Moise, Schwarzinger and Um 2004). 52% of carers for people with dementia are not getting sufficient support to enable them to carry out their caring role.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

War on Drugs Solution: Legalization?

Proposal Much like the exclusion of alcohol back in the 20s which was aimed to evict various substances from our civilization, the drug war today has not only ruined its mission, but has made its mission unfeasible. Today various failures, whether it is the huge amount of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and users, one thing is for sure; the war on drugs has fallen short.There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others around them, however the â€Å"War on Drugs†, is more of a failure than a success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. This research paper is intended to argue why the legalization of marijuana is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how society would actually benefit from the validation ra ther than the prohibition of some illicit substances.Outline Thesis Statement: There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war. A. Financial failures. B. Social/Human failures. C. Criminal justice system problems. II. Approach to marijuana legalization.A. Marijuana’s historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing over banning. A. Financial benefits. B. Societal outcomes. C. Improvement of the criminal justice system. Ethics and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a subject receives diverse reactions coming from two different standpoints it becomes controversial. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many encouraging arguments to support the idea.Taking a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization highlights the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on drugs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable option anymore. In Ron Paul’s farewell speech to the congress in 2012, he asks , â€Å"Why haven’t we given up on the drug war since it’s an obvious failure and violates the people’s rights? Has nobody noticed that the authorities can’t even keep drugs out of the prisons?†The failure of the war appears in three aspects; financially, socially, and the problems with the criminal justice rise. As for financial failure due to the drug war; the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, while it cost U. S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009. As a response to that drug production; trafficking, consumption and overdoses have increased. As for the society’s sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been reported due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war.The article â€Å"The Drug War’s Hidden Economic Agenda†, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the case of Donald Scott, a Californian millionaire, who was wrong ly accused of cultivating numerous marijuana plants on his five million dollar ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and information that Scott presented slight danger of violence; his ranch was totally raided by LA sheriff’s department armed with heavy weaponry and dogs. In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a gun and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife.Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were found (para. 17). Let’s suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldn’t be such a threat to the public and authorities to the point that they raid him on a military style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal justice system, Ron Paul questions â€Å" How can making our entire society a prison solve the problem? † where â€Å"Drug arrests have more than triple d in the last 25 years, totaling more than 1. 63 million arrests in 2010.More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere possession, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession alone† (para. 7). One should think about it, it’s totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person behind bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its recreational or proven medicinal value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of first time drug possessors could lead to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members.Moreover, the convicted could suffer many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the cannabis plant properties for over 5000 years; whereas the false image and misconceptions built by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy. The period in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the period in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy.The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to first century A.D. , while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the Stone Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was written on paper made from hemp and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant â€Å"Indian hemp seed†. But the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. Treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the passage of the Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical use of marijuana.Then after the Second World War joins president N ixon who targeted all drugs and treated drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens. Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that: â€Å"Possession and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential harm from using it â€Å"is not great enough to justify intrusion by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest reluctance†(Johnston, 2011, para 3).Changing the public’s thought towards â€Å"addictive, lethal weed† prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself. Nowadays public views towards marijuana have been shifting to end prohibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplis hment and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the world have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war.One of the possible ways to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from production to consumption. According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discouraging people from using them.After that reformation, placing the marijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its production till its dispersal and everything that goes in between to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards the exploitati on and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when prohibited (par 4). As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in the criminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND Corporation’s Drug Research Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1. 5 billion depending on the market’s request (Abramsky 2012, p. 18). As for the society, the hemp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable energy source and most importantly medicine.Aft er several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently â€Å"a pair of scientists at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever†(para. 1). Marijuana can be a substitute for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep.It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to avoid the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis becoming legal, users would be protected from the black market’s dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortun ate cases like Donald Scott’s would be eliminated.Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets. One can not just stick to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their personal benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as illegal with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war it’s not supposed to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, â€Å"Cannabis for Migraine Treatment†, said it best: â€Å"There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agricultural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemical study, has yie lded many new and interesting compounds will continue to be a part of man’s economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this ancient and mysterious plant† (para. 4). War on Drugs Solution: Legalization? ProposalMuch like the exclusion of alcohol back in the 20s which was aimed to evict various substances from our civilization, the drug war today has not only ruined its mission, but has made its mission unfeasible. Today various failures, whether it is the huge amount of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and users, one thing is for sure; the war on drugs has fallen short. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others around them, however the â€Å"War on Drugs†, is more of a failure than a success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.This research paper is intended to argue why the legalization of marijuana is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how society would actually benefit from the validation rat her than the prohibition of some illicit substances.Outline Thesis Statement:There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war.A. Financial failures. B. Social/Human failures. C. Criminal justice system problems. II. Approach to marijuana legalization. A. Marijuana’s historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing over banning. A. Financial benefits. B. Societal outcomes. C. Improvement of the criminal justice system.Ethics and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a subject receives diverse reactions coming from two different standpoints it becomes controversial. Th e legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many encouraging arguments to support the idea. Taking a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization highlights the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on drugs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable option anymore. In Ron Paul’s farewell speech to the congress in 2012, he asks, â€Å"Why haven’t we given up on the drug war since it’s an obvious failure and violates the people’s rights? Has nobody noticed that the authorities can’t even keep drugs out of the prisons?† The failure of the war appears in three aspects; financially, socially, and the problems with the criminal justice rise. As for financial failure due to the drug war; the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, while it cost U.S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009.As a response to that drug production; trafficking, consumption and overdoses have increased. As for the society’s sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been reported due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war. The article â€Å"The Drug War’s Hidden Economic Agenda†, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the case of Donald Scott, a Californian millionaire, who was wrongly accused of cultivating numerous marijuana plants on his five million dollar ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and information that Scott presented slight danger of violence; his ranch was totally raided by LA sheriff’s department armed with heavy weaponry and dogs.In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a gun and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife. Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were found (para.17). Let’s suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldn’t be such a threat to the public and authorities to the point that they raid him on a military style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal justice system, Ron Paul questions â€Å" How can making our entire society a prison solve the problem?† where â€Å"Drug arrests have more than tripled in the last 25 years, totaling more than 1.63 million arrests in 2010. More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere possession, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession alone† (para. 7).One should think about it, it’s totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person behind bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its recreational or proven medicinal value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of first time drug possessors could lead to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members. Moreover, the convicted could suffer many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the cannabis plant properties for over 5000 years; whereas the false image and misconceptions bui lt by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy.The period in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the period in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy. The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to first century A.D., while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the Stone Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was written on paper made from hemp and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant â€Å"Indian hemp seed†.But the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. Treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the passage of  the Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical use of marijuana. Then after the Second World War joins president Nix on who targeted all drugs and treated drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens.Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that: â€Å"Possession and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential harm from using it â€Å"is not great enough to justify intrusion by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest reluctance†(Johnston, 2011, para 3). Changing the public’s thought towards â€Å"addictive, lethal weed† prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself.Nowadays public views towards marijuana have been shifting to end prohibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplishme nt and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the world have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war. One of the possible ways to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from production to consumption.According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discouraging people from using them. After that reformation, placing the marijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its production till its dispersal and everything that goes in between to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards th e exploitation and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when prohibited (par 4).As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.  Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in the  criminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND Corporation’s Drug Research Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1.5 billion depending on the market’s request (Abramsky 2012, p.18).As for the society, the hemp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable energy source and most important ly medicine. After several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently â€Å"a pair of scientists at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever†(para. 1).Marijuana can be a substitute for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep. It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to avoid the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis becoming legal, users would be protected from the black market’s dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortunate cases like Donald Scott’s would be eliminated. Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets.One can not just stick to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their personal benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as illegal with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war it’s not supposed to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, â€Å"Cannabis for Migraine Treatment†, said it best: â€Å"There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agricultural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemica l study, has yielded  many new and interesting compounds will continue to be a part of man’s economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this ancient and mysterious plant† (para. 4).